ESP32: NVS (Non-Volatile Storage), the right way to persist settings
Use the Preferences library to save and load settings that survive power cycles on the ESP32. Wi-Fi credentials, calibration values, and the blob storage pattern for larger data.
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#persistence
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ESP32: RTC memory, the fast persistent storage that survives deep sleep
Use RTC_DATA_ATTR to keep state across deep sleep on the ESP32. Boot counters, last-known sensor values, and the gotcha that it does not survive a power cycle.